Heap Sort and Priority Queue

Heap Sort is a sorting technique using binary heap.

A Binary Heap is a binary tree where for a maximum binary heap is a heap with the parent node being smaller than the successive children nodes. A Binary Heap can be represented by an array, with a specific formula, it is very space-efficient.

# Python program for implementation of heap Sort
 
# To heapify subtree rooted at index i.
# n is size of heap
 
 
def heapify(arr, n, i):
    largest = i  # Initialize largest as root
    l = 2 * i + 1     # left = 2*i + 1
    r = 2 * i + 2     # right = 2*i + 2
 
    # See if left child of root exists and is
    # greater than root
    if l < n and arr[largest] < arr[l]:
        largest = l
 
    # See if right child of root exists and is
    # greater than root
    if r < n and arr[largest] < arr[r]:
        largest = r
 
    # Change root, if needed
    if largest != i:
        arr[i], arr[largest] = arr[largest], arr[i]  # swap
 
        # Heapify the root.
        heapify(arr, n, largest)
 
# The main function to sort an array of given size
 
 
def heapSort(arr):
    n = len(arr)
 
    # Build a maxheap.
    for i in range(n//2 - 1, -1, -1):
        heapify(arr, n, i)
 
    # One by one extract elements
    for i in range(n-1, 0, -1):
        arr[i], arr[0] = arr[0], arr[i]  # swap
        heapify(arr, i, 0)
 
 
# Driver code
arr = [12, 11, 13, 5, 6, 7]
heapSort(arr)
n = len(arr)
print("Sorted array is")
for i in range(n):
    print("%d" % arr[i]),
# This code is contributed by Mohit Kumra

Here is a sample code in Python: (From GeeksforGeeks)

Above is a sample code of Heap Sort from GeeksforGeeks.

A Priority Queue is a queue with a few tweaks in the limits and rules. Every element of the queue has a priority, if two elements have the same priority, they are dequeued by order, and of course, an element with higher priority is dequeued faster than an element with lower priority.

A useful example of Priority Queue is Dijkstra’s Shortest Path Algorithm.

Written on June 26, 2021